(12) In some NENA languages the newest preterite out of Category II verbs has actually a vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- which has no predecessor in the previous dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) ideal that the progressive setting is actually related to brand new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he got they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Models which have o otherwise u try missing exterior NENA and possess in many of NENA dialects: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and you may Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The entire expose try noted because of the good prefix in most NENA except Hertevin and also in Mandaic plus Turoyo. Brand new prefix requires one of three models: (a) k- into the every verbs (complex so you can c- from inside the Urmi, expanded to ko- in advance of consonants for the Turoyo, and in Zakho become g- ahead of a spoken phoneme); (b) k- however, merely to your a limited class of verbs (with voicing assimilation and regularly other transform too); or (c) i- into the all the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, private communications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we create say’, however, doqIx-wa-ce ‘we would to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he eats, commonly eat’, but sate ‘he drinks, tend to, can get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The latest k- prefix seems to be a success of prefix qa- off BT, such as the newest common qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In a few east dialects brand new shipment from k- is simply for a small class of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, this has gone away and you can come replaced by a new prefix we-, and therefore probably originated just like the a lower life expectancy types of we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I would go to the fresh synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went to bring currency to a girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The latest verb ‘give’ are yehav during the BT, and yav inside the Syriac. This has been remade throughout NENA languages from the incorporation of your own adopting the l- ‘to’. The essential, which had been hav in Syriac and you may BT, is hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in most NENA wherein I have guidance, yet not for the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic.
(15) In most NENA, brand new only 1 vital off qyama ‘get up’ has shed its finally m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The https://datingranking.net/it/gli-agricoltori-appuntamenti-siti/ fresh plural, however, holds new yards.
(16) Throughout NENA, new vital out of (i)zala ‘go’ are irregular: Aradhin lorsque (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani quand (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Across NENA, many different terms are used due to the fact feet for reflexive pronouns such ‘myself’. He is: ruh- for the Hertevin plus Turoyo, nos- regarding the about three easternmost Jewish dialects, and you may gyan- regarding remaining languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
It qa- is by itself an effective contraction from qa?
(18) Another type of preposition definition ‘to’ or ‘for’ that takes the proper execution ta, tla, or tla was common, no matter if not universal, within the NENA, however found in Mandaic or Turoyo. ) stumbled on cook’ (Rubba, personal interaction), Zakho cuxa la psIxle darga story ‘no you to definitely launched the doorway so you’re able to him’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 182).
